Lockdown diaries - I wandered today with Wordsworth for company

31st March 2020

A new rhythm in my days

falling into Lockdown stride

Chores reined in and under control

its time to move those legs.

It's an introverts' dream

No need to stop and say hello

Just nod, smile and walk on

after all, we must keep our distance.

Purslane beds caught my eye today, and my mind wandered to meadows and hills
and Wordsworthian daffodils.

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze, not the daffodils, but these grasses,
tossing their heads definitely in glee.

One cannot "but be gay, in such jocund company, I gazed and gazed, but little thought, what wealth the show to me had bought"

My heart did with pleasure fill, seeing these pinks, never still 

h

...and then to top it all, I saw these browns...
oh my! Do the residents know?

Lockdown diaries - Plumeria pinwheels

March 30th 2020

Plumerias galore

Punctuate my morning walks,

splashes of sunshine

Nodding repeatedly at me.

Old and fond friends,
already,

...cannot be ignored, 

inveigling me to check out the pinwheels, ruby red

or softly pink,
there's no locking them down, as I go back up

to my 12th floor safe haven.
And the balcony Oleanders, gazing down,
social distancing
until we meet again.  Tomorrow?

Memories of a crocodile - The Hindu

I am gobsmacked by the picture of the keeper in a lungi and barefeet. 🙊🙊

I would not have got into that enclosure even if someone had offered me a million bucks. 

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/indias-largest-salite-crocodile-in-captivity-is-mourned-by-madras-crocodile-bank/article30622569.ece

Memories of a crocodile

Meghna Majumdar

V Gangadurai and S Nagarathinam are mourning a giant. Their giant.

"I fed Jaws for 40 years," says Gangadurai, chief reptile keeper at the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, "My wife still asks me what happened, and some visitors still ask to see him. They get upset when we tell them he passed away."

It is Monday afternoon, so the park is shut for visitors. The only sounds to be heard are the chatter of monkeys and the calls of migratory birds, who seem to be visiting in larger numbers this year. Perhaps to pay their respects. Jaws III, the largest crocodile bred in captivity in India, passed away last week, at the ripe age of 50.

In the office of Zai Whitaker, joint director of The Madras Crocodile Bank Trust and Centre for Herpetology, the two reptile keepers are gathered with curator Nikhil Whitaker, assistant curator Ajay Kartik, and joint director Allwin Jesudasan to share memories. There are many.

For Zai, the earliest ones revolve around his surprisingly fast growth. "I was living in Kodaikanal for a few years, and would come to the croc bank on holidays. I remember one year, when I came and thought, 'Who is this?' He had grown so much," she recalls.

Nagarathinam's memories are a tribute to the crocodile's intelligence: "He had learnt his feeding schedule. He could distinguish his feeder's voices, too. So even if we were just chatting nearby, he would come close expecting food."

Feeding would happen once a week — between three to five kilograms of chicken, fish, buffalo meat, large rats, bandicoots, and sometime emus. Exercise would also happen regularly, the simple act of tempting him with food and getting him to move from one end of the enclosure to the other.

But none of that means that Jaws, who fuelled Chennai's love of crocodiles for decades, was tame. Tame is not a word — or an approach — that the team here subscribes to. As Ajay puts it, "It is a process of mutual learning and discovery." Even as Jaws came to understand boundaries and patterns of human behaviour over the years, the humans learnt about him too.

 

Forging bonds

How else does one establish a working relationship with the largest member of the world's largest crocodile species? And who better to describe it than Gangadurai?

His way of establishing a sense of mutual understanding with a crocodile, was through constant, careful exposure. He would take his time to understand Jaws' movements and tendencies, and make sure that there was a point of exit open. "Some 20 years ago, when he was very fast and agile, he yanked my stick away and chased me a bit," he recalls with a laugh. "But later," adds Ajay, "He understood that a tap on the nose with the stick means 'Stop'."

It was all a matter of patience, of time, and — as Nagarathinam puts it — of Jaws coming to understand that food was involved. "Once he understood that people are in his enclosure to feed him, things became easier," he explains.

That might seem like a basic step up, but as the team points out, it was all still highly uncharacteristic behaviour for a saltie. "I wouldn't go as far as to call him cooperative, but he was certainly more tolerant of human presence in his enclosures than his brothers and sisters are," says Ajay.

There were, of course, boundaries never to be crossed. As Zai explains, no member of the team ever forgot that he was a salt water crocodile, a strong and wild animal. And no one ever expected him to behave otherwise. Nevertheless, he proved time and again to have an understanding that went beyond primal instincts. Nikhil remembers one in particular, from March 1997. "I learnt a lot of healthy respect for him that day," he begins:

"It was one of his Sunday feeding shows. He was about the same size as he was towards the end, but faster and much more agile. At one point, instead of taking the food, he suddenly grabbed hold of my hand."

 

To have a 500-kilogram salt water crocodile clamp your hand in its mouth is a situation no one wants to be in. But, even as Jaws backed into the pool till Nikhil was knee-deep in water, Nikhil's training and instinct helped him stay calm, and refrain from struggling.

Something restricted Jaws, too. Any crocodile in such a situation would instinctively, immediately start rolling, and that would serve as a death knell for its catch. "But Jaws didn't. His movements were slow. After a point, I could see his eyes turn red: a fairly good indicator that he was worried." The crocodile could seemingly gauge that the situation was not ideal. What could have happened next is something no one can predict, but Nikhil was saved by a brave act by his assistant Ramesh. "He distracted Jaws with a stick, and Jaws immediately let me go," says Nikhil. Later, when washing his hand in a bucket, Nikhil remembers being able to see through his hand into the bottom of the bucket, so severe were his puncture marks. "But he did let me go," he smiles.

Looking ahead

Memories, though, can only do so much. There remains a yawning gap in their schedules, and crocodile bank's weekly calendar. Every Sunday, visitors would gather outside his enclosure to watch the gargantuan creature be fed by his keepers. In more ways than one, he was one of the faces of The Madras Crocodile Bank.

Now, the mantle might be taken up by Thor, a saltie who was born in the croc bank in 1982-83. Says Ajay, "When last measured in 2013, he was 4.3 metres long. He must be about 4.4 now. He is different from Jaws: more assertive and less used to people. He is less tractable for now; that will change over time."

Bring me a nightmare - Asia’s hunger for sand is harmful to farming and the environment | Asia | The Economist

https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/01/16/asias-hunger-for-sand-is-harmful-to-farming-and-the-environment

Bring me a nightmare Asia's hunger for sand is harmful to farming and the environment

But governments struggle to curb illegal sand-mining

Jan 16th 2020

THE MINERS usually prefer to work under cover of darkness. This dredger is more brazen. It is not yet sunset when the boat's crew begin hoovering sand up from the riverbed and pumping it onto a nearby bank, where it will be collected and sold. At least seven barges are doing the same thing on this stretch of the Red River, about an hour's drive from Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. Such teams often work without the right permits, but the rewards outweigh the risk. Whereas the average Vietnamese makes $269 a month, miners can earn between $700 and $1,000 for every boatload they scoop up. The teams working here have deposited so much sand on the bank that dunes have formed.

There has probably never been a better time to be in the sand business. The world uses nearly 50bn tonnes of sand and gravel a year—almost twice as much as a decade ago. No other natural resource is extracted and traded on such an epic scale, bar water.

Demand is greatest in Asia, where cities are growing fast (sand is the biggest ingredient in cement, asphalt and glass). China got through more cement between 2011 and 2013 than America did in the entire 20th century. Since the 1960s Singapore—the world's largest importer of sand—has expanded its territory by almost a quarter, mainly by dumping it into the sea. The OECD thinks the construction industry's demand for sand and gravel will double over the next 40 years. Little wonder then that the price of sand is rocketing. In Vietnam in 2017 it quadrupled in just one year.

In the popular imagination, sand is synonymous with limitlessness. In reality it is a scarce commodity, for which builders are now scrabbling. Not just any old grains will do. The United Arab Emirates is carpeted in dunes, but imports sand nonetheless because the kind buffeted by desert winds is too fine to be made into cement. Sand shaped by water is coarser and so binds better. Extraction from coastlines and rivers is therefore surging. But according to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Asians are scooping up sand faster than it can naturally replenish itself. In Indonesia some two dozen small islands have vanished since 2005. Vietnam expects to run out of sand this year.

All this has an environmental cost. Removing sand from riverbeds deprives fish of places to live, feed and spawn. It is thought to have contributed to the extinction of the Yangzi river dolphin. Moreover, according to WWF, a conservation group, as much as 90% of the sediment that once flowed through the Mekong, Yangzi and Ganges rivers is trapped behind dams or purloined by miners, thereby robbing their deltas both of the nutrients that make them fecund and of the replenishment that counters coastal erosion. As sea levels rise with climate change, saltwater is surging up rivers in Australia, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Vietnam, among other places, and crop yields are falling in the areas affected. Vietnam's agriculture ministry has warned that seawater may travel as far as 110km up the Mekong this winter. The last time that happened, in 2016, 1,600 square kilometres of land were ruined, resulting in losses of $237m. Locals have already reported seeing dead fish floating on the water.

Nguyen Van Thoan, a farmer whose pomelo orchard lies not far downstream from the barges scouring the Red River, says that 30 years ago a kilometre of land stood between his house and the river. Today only 20 metres separates them. He blames sand-miners. So do the 6,000 fishermen who have had to abandon their coastal villages in the Indian state of Kerala in recent years, after extraction and erosion left them vulnerable to flooding.

Curbing sand-mining is difficult because so much of it is unregulated. Only about two-fifths of the sand extracted worldwide every year is thought to be traded legally, according to the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organised Crime. In Shanghai miners on the Yangzi evade the authorities by hacking transponders, which broadcast the positions of ships, and cloning their co-ordinates. It is preferable, of course, to co-opt officials. Ministers in several state governments in India have been accused of abetting or protecting illegal sand-mining. "Everybody has their finger in the pie," says Sumaira Abdulali of Awaaz Foundation, a charity in Mumbai. She says she has been attacked twice for her efforts to stop the diggers.

Ms Abdulali is nonetheless "a bit hopeful". Scientists are experimenting with alternatives to concrete and cement. Architects are trying to find ways to use such materials more sparingly. Even the odd government is taking action. In 2018, Maharashtra passed regulations requiring contractors to use plastic waste as filler when building or repairing roads. Singapore is creating a new patch of land by draining it of water rather than piling it with sand. Kiran Pereira of SandStories.org, which promotes awareness of the issue, says "there are plenty of solutions" if only governments would find the will to implement them. Time to pull heads from the sand. ■

This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the headline "Asia's hunger for sand is harmful to farming and the environment"

Manas Day 1 highlights



Moon rising

Full Moon

The moon glows the same:
  it is the drifting cloud forms
  make it seem to change.

- Matsuo Basho

The next day - silver in the sky, shimmering silver below.

The Mall, the Elms and the Ramble of Central Park

14th July 2019



Another morning walk in Central Park - this time the lower part of the Park, near the Mall.  I got a ride from Harlem down 5th Avenue to 67th from where I entered the park.  A sparrow on one of the benches greeted me with a chirp and was off in a trice.

The row of park benches were donated by various people in memory of their loved ones.  It reminded me of the cement benches on our Thiruvanmyur beach - similarly donated.

I saw this interesting statue and walked up to it.  Turned out to be a 1925 statue of a Siberian Husky called Balto, who was used to transport diphtheria vaccine in Alaska that year, thus saving many lives.  Good old Balto was present when the statue was erected - seems to be the only statue that came up when the person was alive!  Some celebrity indeed!  In the background is one of the old arches - Willowdell Arch

I meandered onto the Literary Walk or the Mall, lined by beautiful Elms as also statues of novelists and writers.  I did not stop to see the statues.  

But I did stop to stare at the Red-Tailed Hawk, high up in an American Elm!  There was much ado  in the bird world, as they flew around agitatedly trying to shoo the hawk off, but (s)he just sat unfazed and almost bored by all the commotion around.  It was obviously not Pale Male the celebrity Red Hawk, but could it be one of his female partners??

The American Elms (Ulmus americana) with their twisting branches were a beautiful sight.  

I learnt that they have shallow root systems that get get damaged with people walking around their roots, or if the soil is compacted.  So the trees were all fenced off.  Wonderful to see the trees regarded as "Living Treasures".  

As I wandered along trying to make my way to the Ramble, I was a bit bemused by the sudden appearance of this somewhat old-world European fountain in the middle of all those trees and arches.   I learned that I had wandered into the Bethesda Terrace.

I wondered why this was called "Bethesda"?  After the biblical pool?

At the centre of the fountain, was one of those angel statues I did not pay much attention to.  But the Central Park Conservancy page has some interesting historical jottings on it.

More importantly and more regretfully, I seem to have walked above the Arcade area below, which had beautiful Minton tiles, all restored now.  I did not see them.

Instead, I made my way across Bow Bridge, that crosses the Lake.  It was a lovely sunny day, and the bridge was filled with people taking in the view and the sunshine.

Oh and wait, a bunch of birders as well.  Seems like I had run into a tour with Birding Bob.  We had a brief chat, (about India, the Himalayas and the Western Ghats if you please), and he was off like a whirlwind with his group.

And how appropriate was it for the wanderer from Madras Ramblings to be at the Ramble?!  36 acres of tree-lined paths winding this way and that.  

Quite easy to lose your way, and of course yours truly was lost many a time. But it just meant some extra wandering which was quite alright.

A Canada goose also wandered and rambled and foraged around.

Up and down roughly hewn steps, via a little stream....it seemed that one could explore endlessly here.

Turning a corner, I stopped abruptly.  An American Robin was enjoying the peace and quiet.

And then was the chap who sat and fed the birds. Looks like he does it every day.  He had settled himself under one of those large umbrellas and armed with bird seed spends many an hour, he said.  Birders come and go, watching the sparrows and Blue Jays and Catbirds.  He said I had just missed the cardinals and blackbirds.

It was close to noon, and definitely time to head back.

Past the beautiful trees of Harlem Meer...

... and a sunbathing turtle.... 

....a squirrel in the shadows, and then out onto the Duke Ellington circle.

And a blaze of pinks from the apartment flower bed, their pink reminding me of the bougainvillea of Chennai.

The North Woods

5th July 2019

Another New York morning, and I set out to walk through yet another part of Central Park.

North Woods - some 40 acres of forested area, with a natural stream - Montayne's Rivulet - flowing through it.

A favourite of dog owners and runners, it seemed, as I walked through, taking in the sounds of the water, the Robins in the trees and everywhere, the crunch of dry leaves and the squelch of the wet ones.

The magnificent oaks were all with new leaf.  Right now, I'm guessing this one is a beautiful russet colour.

A rocky ravine with a stream, little pools and waterfalls is the central feature, and with little bridges to crossover, it really is idyllic and peaceful.

These bushes (Lace Cap Hydrangea i think) lined the pathways on either side of the stream, and I have not been able to figure what they are.  

The Park leaves fallen trees (like this one) as they are - well for the most part I guess.

Lizard's Tail - Saururus cernuus - another widespread bush

And these lovely archways you can go through.  It seemed that I could wander a whole year and still not cover every pathway.

The light streamed through the trees, making for a beautiful view...I was not the only one who thought so.

The stream tumbled over another jumble of rocks.  And there were many American Robins which would rest on the rocks, in the sun and fly off and return.  

The stream also wandered with me under the Glen Span Arch.  And there were a few swimming tortoises here.

Emerging from under the bridge, I bumped into one of the many Rangers with his electric cart.  They do an amazing job, keeping the park clean, safe and helping visitors.  

I emerged into an area just called "The Pool".    

Rather algal at the moment I went.  I dont know if it meant it was not in great shape, or whether it was a time of year thing.

There were beautiful trees all around, of which I recognised only the weeping willow, on the left.  

I read later that a major tree mapping project of the Park was done and all species and their locations are mapped.

A lone Mallard? stood on one leg surveying the scene.  As I watched it pirouetted on the leg and as soon facing the other direction!

The sun was up, my stomach demanded breakfast, and I headed back to Harlem, passing these Bottlebrush Buckeye catching the sun.

A visit to the TVS factory

June 4th 2019

A busload of MNS members visited the TVS factory in Hosur on a day trip which began at 4am and ended close to 9pm.  We went to see a great example of ecosystem restoration, being done by our MNS member Preston, along with of course the active support of the TVS management.

We were not allowed to take photographs in there, but this report below from August 2019 sums it up.

TVS factory in Hosur hosts a large number of birds

The factory is spread over 320 acres, and 50 acres of it make up its green belt

Liffy Thomas
A flock of painted storks is perched on a tamarind tree on an island in a waterbody. Barely 100 metres away, people wearing work flannels sit on a lawn, sip coffee and enjoy their morning break. This tamarind tree is part of what employees at the Hosur factory of TVS Motor Company call “bird park”. Considerably green, it is filled with the twitter of birds. There should easily be 20 bird species in the area this morning and some of the employees are so familiar with their calls that they don’t have to look up to tell which one is around.

The factory is spread over 320 acres, and 50 acres of it make up its green belt. Rainwater from the rooftops of the buildings on the campus are channelled to the 10 waterbodies, that together account for three to four acres that draw resident birds, and during the migratory season, many species from elsewhere. There are also a few animals and reptiles to watch.

The “forest” in the factory is maintained under the supervision of Preston Ahimaz, forest consultant with the company. Ahimaz is assisted by a 10-member team, which includes a naturalist.

Farm land to bird sanctuary

Although this manufacturing plant has been functioning since 1979, the exercise to improve the biodiversity on its green tracts began in 1994. Until then, the sprawling acres were farmlands attracting some native birds, and even animals. The decision to leave a huge space for birds and animals was part of a larger commitment by the company to promoting biodiversity, something that chairman Venu Srinivasan has taken great pains to honour in many of the group’s factories.

“At all our factories, including in Mysore, Hosur and Himachal Pradesh, 30% of the space is reserved for greenery, much of which is wild forest,” says P Venkatesan, vice-president — civil. Ahimaz points out that a leopard was spotted recently at the Mysore plant.

He is disappointed at not seeing enough pelicans on this waterbody. Besides the spot-billed pelicans, purple swamphens, common coots, spot-billed ducks and darters are found in good numbers in the factory. The Eurasian spoonbill and green sandpiper are among birds that arrive during the migratory season.

“Pelicans need a runway to land and breed, probably [that is] why they are not coming in large numbers. So, we are creating another waterbody, much bigger than others on the campus,” says Ahimaz.

Encouraging breeding

Special efforts have been taken to encourage birds to breed at this park, and this includes basket-like enclosures for pelicans, nesting boxes for sparrows and separate platforms on the water. The north-eastern section of the campus is for water birds, and the south-eastern section attracts egrets in large numbers. “We provide them a secure place, but they choose their comfort zone,” says Ahimaz.

Going by their increasing numbers, the guests are liking their stay. Around three years ago, D Prakalathan, the in-house naturalist, who walks around with a camera and a notebook, documented 90 species and 30 butterflies. Now, their count has increased to 125 species and 60 butterflies.

Protection for snakes

“In a day, I record 20 to 30 species,” says Prakalathan, who was previously with the Adyar Eco Park in Chennai. Nineteen species of snakes have been documented. It’s an unwritten rule at the factory that on the campus, no snakes can be killed. All the security staff are trained in handling snakes. “Anti-perforation shoes (something similar to a wicket-keeper’s pads) that can ensure protection against snake bites, are provided to those who go on rounds,” says Ahimaz. If there is oil leakage or anything that can pollute this clean environment, employees are the first to alert the forest team.

Man and elephant - etiquette for coexisting

Humans need to change, the elephant cannot be expected to change.



Do not drink or smoke in the forest

Do not challenge the animal

Carry a torch when you go out at night. Do not store water too close to the houses or foodstuffs like rice and sugar in large quantities. Marimuthu points out that some tribal settlements around Coimbatore dry tamarind on rooftops. “A sure fire way to attract elephants.”

Suppose you go to a waterbody to wash clothes or have a bath at a particular time. If you always see an elephant, change the time you go there, advises Daniel. They also teach people about checking wind direction so that smells don’t carry to the elephant.



R Marimuthu and BA Daniel of Zoo Outreach Organisation talk about how humans and elephants can coexist peacefully - The Hindu



Elephant etiquette for humans



You can co-exist with elephants. All you need to do is make small adjustments in your lifestyle, say BA Daniel and R Marimuthu of Zoo Outreach Organisation



R Krithika

“In Nepal, they now have a new way of driving elephants away from human habitation. They keep piglets, which they squeeze when the elephant approaches. When they squeal, the pachyderm moves away.” I stare incredulously at BA Daniel and R Marimuthu, who conduct Zoo Outreach Organisation’s training programmes on Human Elephant Coexistence (HECx) across the 13 countries where the Asian elephant lives.



R Marimuthu (in orange t-shirt) and BA Daniel (in white shirt) at a workshop

R Marimuthu (in orange t-shirt) and BA Daniel (in white shirt) at a workshop   | Photo Credit: Special Arrangemen



Daniel laughs, “The elephants had gotten used to firecrackers and drums. They needed a new noise.” To which Marimuthu adds, “I’ve heard of villages where elephants went away when a newborn cried.” I’m half inclined to wonder if they’re pulling my leg but the men are dead serious.



The first step, explains Daniel, is to break down scientific research papers into simple pamphlets and manuals. Then translate these into local languages, depending on the location. Lastly, identify educators in those areas, train and loop them with local NGOs and the Forest Department and let them spread the word. “We follow up every three months or so to ensure the message gets through.” While the HECx focuses on elephants, the programme itself can be adapted to any human-animal conflict or to spread conservation ideas, they say.



A scene from a street play

The focus of the programme is “take responsibility for yourself”. Daniel speaks about elephant etiquette “for the humans,” he hastens to add, “not for the animal. You can’t expect the animal to change its behaviour. But if you make small adjustments, you can co-exist.”



Given how charged the situation was recently when farmers in Thadagam area protested crop raiding by elephants, I ask if coexistence is possible. Both men insist it is and say HECx will be launched there soon. “It takes time to change people’s attitude,” says Daniel. “They need to understand that it’s another species that also needs to live.”



Marimuthu holds up Jhapa in Nepal, as an example. “We’ve been working there since 2008 and it’s taken 11 years to see the change.” Gram panchayats have started building toilets inside the village to stop people from going into forests to answer Nature’s call. Daniel points out that the village traditionally harvested its crops thrice a year. “Of course the elephants would come. So they installed an electric fence along an 18km stretch, which they also maintain and manage. For the last four years, they have been harvesting twice a year successfully. Other villages are trying to use something similar.”



Finger puppets used to create awareness

Speaking of farming brings us to the question of kind of crops. “Flowers, chillies, beans…, we can suggest plenty of cash crops that the elephant will not raid,” says Marimuthu. But again it takes time for farmers to make the shift.



As we speak, Daniel muses that two villages just a couple of kilometres apart can have starkly contrasting attitudes to the animal. “In one the tolerance level is rock bottom, the other cannot do without the elephant.” Both recount amusing stories from villages like Doomanur and Sembukkarai where the elephant is revered, not reviled.



Both men are very clear that the success of this programme rests on the involvement of all stakeholders: Forest Department officers, rangers and guards; local NGOs or groups; school teachers, district administration and children. “Local participation is crucial,” smiles Daniel. “After all they are the ones who live there and will be working together.”

The Perumbakkam lake - A Nature Walk and a Spotted Eagle

The Perumbakkam lake, part of the Pallikaranai marsh ecosystem, is a regular part of our NIFT Nature Walks programme.

We show the students the idiocy of developing a municipal garbage dump on a wetland, and we also show them all the bird life hidden in plain sight.

Water birds are a great way to start birding isn't it, with nice big interesting birds that are easy to spot and are generally seen.

While last term we were treated with flamingoes and ducks, this time it was pelicans and ibis.  The Pied Kingfishers put on a great show for us, and there was much oohing and aahing, as it hovered and then did a direct dive bomb, coming up with fish!

At the Pallikaranai end, it seems as if the water levels have fallen with the grasses and reed growing in abundance, and the little waders have moved far away from the road.

And then there were JCB excavators "clearing" the undergrowth from the roadside, under express orders to beautify the road.  Chithra was trying to tell the supervisor that this was protected forest land, and the supervisor was splitting hairs as the road is Highways land.

I only hope that there is no cement and paving to follow.

The icing on the cake was the large raptor we saw.  Sagarika and her camera were on hand to take these record shots, which were identified as a great Spotted Eagle!

The greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga) - profusely spotted upper wings.  This was the shot that helped to establish the identification.  Photo By Sagarika

Imagine that, it is here for the winter.  How do they find their way, locate a water body, amazing!
Photo By Sagarika

On the hunt. Photo By Sagarika

Pictures from our November 2019 visit

Pictures from our February 2019 visit

Pictures from October 2018 visit