The hornbills that I did not see

The hornbills eluded us on our January trip to Parambikulam. According to this article, in The Hindu, Hornbills are now nesting at karian shola. However, if we go now, we wont be allowed into the shola itself, the article says, and since I enjoyed those forests so much, its ok that we didnt see the hornbills, in retrospect!

After cleaning up the traditional nests in January, hornbills have, since February, started nesting eggs in tree cavities deep inside the jungles in Karian Shola near Top Slip in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR).

The chicks are expected to hatch out by the end of May or June.

While there is sustained focus on conservation of tigers and protection of herbivores that serve as a prey base for the carnivores, the multiplying of hornbills is also happening within the ATR.

Two species of hornbills found in this part of Western Ghats are Great Pied Hornbill (Buceros Bicornis) and Malabar Grey Hornbill (Ocyceros griseus).

“We have spotted close to 25 nests in the thick forests of Karian Shola,” Range Officer of Ulandy– Top Slip range S. Thangaraj Panneerselvam said.

Shy bird

Since the hornbill is a very shy bird, forest officials have denied trekking permission for tourists and access to Karian Shola even for naturalists.

“We do not want the nesting or the feeding of the female bird by the male bird to be disturbed. There is instruction to this effect from Field Director of ATR H. Basavaraju,” the Range Officer said.

Any disturbance will result in the male bird keeping away from the nest and this may cause the death of the female and the chicks as it is the male that brings them food.

Traditional nests

When it comes to nesting, the hornbills occupy only the traditional nests, which are typical hollows in tall trees in rainforests.

The same hollow is the nest year after year. It is abandoned only if the trees fall or any form of severe disturbance.

If barks grow and cover the nests used last year, look for another nesting place. The one with a narrow opening is taken over by the Malabar Grey Hornbill, which is smaller than the Great Pied Hornbill.

The nests are cleaned after surveillance for nearly a day to ascertain the presence of predators. It is done in January and nesting begins in February. The incubation period is 90 days.

Creates a quilt

Once the female bird gets into the nest, it sheds its feathers to create a quilt and on nesting the eggs, it covers the cavity with a paste made of its excrement and mud.

Hornbills normally hatch one or two eggs. To ward off ant threat to the eggs, it will keep its beak at the opening.

It is a rare sight to spot the male feeding the nesting female. The male passes food to the female through the slit that allows space only for the beak to pass.

The male bird will keep feeding the female with ficus fruits. A fortnight after hatching the eggs, the female will come out breaking the covering made of excrement and mud.

The chicks then cover the cavity and bring down the size of the opening. Male and female Hornbills then feed them with food such as snakes and lizards.

No open flying

Subsequently, for three or four days, the male and female hornbills will engage themselves in teaching flying to the chicks. The hornbills will never allow the chicks to fly in the open owing to the threat from black eagles, hawk eagles, black owl and hawk owl.

Despite such protective delivery and post-natal care, the survival rate of the hornbills is hardly 10 per cent to 15 per cent. However, of late, the population is healthy in the ATR areas.

Karian Shola was proving to be one of the best breeding sites for the hornbills, Mr. Panneerselvam said.


Forest officials have denied trekking permission for tourists
The incubation period is 90 days

Tree-spotting!

Are these cherry blossoms in Chennai?!

The afternoon sky was ablaze with the light hue of pink and the road below strewn with these flowers, as they dropped, light as rain, twirling as they came down.

And you thought Madras has no flowers?

The pinkish white flowers of the Tabebuia roseo-alba

Seen on St Mary's Road, Raja Annamalai Puram

Remembering Japan

March 16th, 2007

We were there. Happier times.

Lake Kawaguchiko, at the base of Mt Fuji
The retro bus that took us on a tour of the five lakes
The volcanic mountains around
Lake Saiko, (I think)
Varied Tit (Cyanistes varius) at the ticket counter

The Lava forests. (Aokigahara). Grows on the lava outflow. A little creepy, easy to get lost
Lake Sai?
Common Coot in Kawaguchiko
Shinto shrine archway at the edge of the lake
Fugaku lava caves. Fossils and ice inside. Also very cold.

Volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis. These pictures reminded me of how vulnerable they are to the elements.

A Calote on the tree

The brainfever bird

I received this lovely portfolio from Mr Ramanan, and had to put it here, for posterity.

The brainfever bird, heard so commonly, elusive to sight.

Common Hawk-Cuckoo (Hierococcyx varius) - Photo by Mr Ramanan

Like the Asian Koel, it is also a brood parasite, and also has a maddening, repetitive call, heard in the monsoons. They lay their eggs in babbler nests.

The story goes that during the hot summers and just as the monsoons set in, the call of these birds used to drive some of the colonial Brits to madness, as they battled delirium and malaria, and the bird's incessant calling!

Freedom fighters of a sort?!

Sub-adult - Photo by Mr Ramanan
The same sub-adult with a caterpillar - their favourite food. Photo by Mr Ramanan

According to Wikipedia,

Common Hawk-Cuckoos feed mainly on insects and are specialised feeders that can handle hairy caterpillars. Caterpillar guts often contain toxins and like many cuckoos they remove the guts by pressing the caterpillar and rubbing it on a branch before swallowing it. The hairs are swallowed with the caterpillar and are separated in the stomach and regurgitated as a pellet.

Sunday activity

New Beach Road, Thiruvanmyur was the sight of a Nizhal combo plan - tree walk plus free-the-tree (FTC) activity!

We were thirty of us who assembled at 7 am on a Sunday morning (a feat in itself I thought!) at the eastern end of the road that runs east-west, perpendicular to the Thiruvanmyur beach. Its a road that I walk on regularly, but I had assumed there were some five varieties of trees. Can you imagine we identified 23?!! I was quite ashamed with my previous lack-of-"awareness" about the road.

There were a lot of children and soon they were more interested in the FTC than in the "know-your-trees" walk. So, it became that the moms were asking questions about the trees while the men and children busied themselves with claw hammers, stools and pliers! It is illegal to put up boards on the trees, and as citizens we are well within our rights to remove them. Also, they harm the trees, and do have an affect on their health in the long run. After all, isn't the bark a protective skin for the tree? Everytime a nail is driven into the bark, we are creating a wound. Once we removed the nails, we applied some turmeric paste to these "wounds", and hope that is sufficient for the bark to heal.

At the end of an hour we had removed all the boards (save one, which was beyond our reach), and thanks to Arti and her aunt we were all treated to yelaneer for our efforts! It was Arti who mooted the idea in the first place, so hats off to her. Things we could do to follow up:

• Plant some more trees close to the eastern end. We need to identify trees like sea grapes, Punnai, Pongam, which will withstand the salty air.
• Talk to our councillor about removing some of the concrete that is choking the base of the trees
• Ensure that the trees remain board-free.

It was very nice to walk in the evening and see the trees all free of boards!

Here's a complete list of trees:

Common Name- English Common Name - Tamil Scientific Name

1 Sea grapes Kadaldrakshai Cocoloba uvifera

2 Alexandrian Laurel Punnai புன்னை Calophyllum inophyllum

3 Peacock Flower Tree Mayilkonrai மயில் கொன்றை Caesalpinia pulcherima

4 Neem Veppam Azadirachta indica

5 Indian Cork Tree Maramalli மரமல்லி Millingtonia hortensis

6 Trumpet tree Tabebuia roseo-alba

7 Portia tree Poo Arasam Thespesia Populnea

8 Indian Beech Pungan புங்கன் Pongamia pinnata

9 Temple tree/ Frangipani Plumeria rubra acutifolia

10 Siamese Cassia Manjal Konrai மஞ்சள் கொன்றை Cassia siamea

11 Indian Almond Nattuvadumai நாட்டுவதுமை Terminalia catappa

12 Gulmohar Neruppu konrai Delonix regia

13 Subabul Leucaena leucocephala

14 Teak Tekku maram தேக்கு மரம் Tectona grandis

15 Copper pod tree Peltophorum pterocarpum

16 Jamun Naval நாவல் Syzygium cumini

17 Indian Bulletwood Tree Magizham மகிழம்பூ Mimusops elengi

18 Mast Tree/ False Ashoka Nettilingam நெட்டிலிங்கம் Polyalthia longifolia

19 Indian Ash Odhiya maram Lannea coromandelica

20 Oleander Thevetia peruviana

21 Mango Mangifera indica

22 African Tulip Tree Patadi Spathodea campanulata

23 Scarlet Cordia Cordia sebestena

Its always a female to lure a male

They tried with Kartik the elephant and failed, but it seems to have worked with T7, the nomadic tiger from Ranthambhore who landed up in Bharatpur!

The use of feminine charm to lure the "errant" male!

Elusive Bharatpur tiger netted
SUNNY SEBASTIAN
Truant T-7 lured by the recorded call of female tigers

The elusive T-7 which was ruling the roost in the Keoladeo National Park (KNP) bird sanctuary near Bharatpur for the past four months has been captured by the wildlife authorities.

The tiger, tranquillised by a team of experts from the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), the Sariska Tiger Reserve and the KNP around 4 p.m. on Wednesday, was taken to Sariska by road an hour later.

Now T-7, a habitual wanderer who left his original home at the Ranthambore National Park for the Kaila Devi Sanctuary in the neighbourhood and later to Dholpur and Mathura in Uttar Pradesh, is heading for Sariska as per the announcement made last month by Union Minister of State for Environment and Forests Jairam Ramesh during a visit to Keoladeo.

Difficult customer

Curiously, T-7, which proved a difficult customer for the experts during the past eight days, was finally caught after it was lured by the recorded call of female tigers. “We have been after the tiger since February 14, but it proved very elusive. Then we thought of trying this technique,” Keoladeo field director Anoop K.R., who was travelling with the caravan headed for Sariska, told The Hindu on Thursday evening.

“We requisitioned recorded calls of the female, and once I received them through e-mail, we played it on Wednesday inside the park at four different places on loudspeakers. To our surprise, the tiger responded and appeared from the thicket of juliflora some 100 metres away,” Mr. Anoop said.

WII's P.K. Malik shot the tranquillising dart and the animal immediately plunged into the thickly wooded area. “It was a great relief to find him unconscious across the road,” Mr. Anoop said.

The team on the spot, which comprised Sariska field director R.S. Shekhawat, forester Narain Singh and researcher Shubheep besides Mr. Anoop and Dr. Mallick, soon transferred T-7 into a wooden cage. The cage has been used earlier to shift big cats —five till date — from Ranthambore to Sariska as part of the now well-known rehabilitation plan for tigers.

Except for one, all other tigers from Ranthambore were airlifted by Air Force helicopters to Sariska. T-7 is the first tiger caught outside Ranthambore to be moved to Sarika, which lost a tiger CP-1, last year.

“Now T-7 will be referred to as ST-6 or CP-6, the sixth tiger to be introduced to Sariska,” said Chief Conservator of Forests (Wildlife) Rajasthan P.S. Somasekhar.

“We may keep the animal in one of the enclosures in Sariska for two or three days before releasing it in the park,” he said. “We hope it soon gets a real call from the three females there.”

A happy ending to this story. Lets hope T7 now to be known as CP6, will thrive in Sariska!

An escape story that ends sadly and badly

We saw the Top Slip elephants on our Pongal trip to Parambikulam. I asked if they were sad to be chained. I wonder which one of the magnificent elephants we saw was Kartik.

Elephant escapes from Top Slip camp, search on
TNN, Feb 24, 2011, 05.38am IST

COIMBATORE: A 35-year-old tusker has escaped from the elephant camp at Top Slip near Pollachi in Coimbatore district.

It slipped out of the camp on Monday night and is hiding in the bushes near Sethumadai, a little away from the reserve forest area. The tusker, Karthik is going through "must" and may have gone in search of a female companion, S Thangaraj, a forest ranger at Top Slip, told The Times of India.

Normally, the elephants at the training camp are not bound by chain at night. They're let loose in the forests. In the mornings, they return to the camp. "Elephants have never slipped out of the camp in the last decade," said Thangaraj.

The mahout and forest guards launched a massive search for the animal on Tuesday. They spotted him at a tribal settlement in Saralapathy near Sethumadai on Wednesday morning. When the mahout Murugan walked closer to the tusker, the animal ran deeper into the jungles. His female companion, Sivakami, and another tusker were brought in to lure him back into the camp. "But he is refusing to come out of the bushes," Thangaraj said.

By dusk, the "rescue operation" was called off. Now, forest officials are trying to trap Karthik with two other female elephants in the camp. "He relates well to our camp elephants Vijayalakshmi and Selvi. We hope Karthik will come back tomorrow," the official said.

Karthik was born in the Top Slip camp to Alamelu, who died a few years ago. When wild tuskers stray away from jungle, Karthik usually goes as a kumkhi elephant to drive them back. There are 20 elephants in the Top Slip camp.

Jumbo that escaped from camp gored to death by wild tusker
Radha Venkatesan | TNN, Feb 25th
Coimbatore: In a fierce territorial fight in the jungles, a male elephant which escaped from the elephant camp at Top Slip near Pollachi was gored by a wild tusker on Thursday morning. The 35-year-old camp elephant, Karthik, was found dead with multiple bleeding injuries at Saralapathy near Sethumadai, about 5 km from the scenic hill retreat of Top Slip.

“His body was covered with bleeding wounds. He was gored to death in a fierce fight with a large wild tusker,” Top Slip forest ranger, Thangaraj Paneerselvam told TOI.

Forest guards who had waited on the forest fringes to bring back the tusker to the camp, could hear loud trumpeting all through Wednesday night. Around 4am on Thursday, the trumpeting stopped.

“We knew Karthik was in trouble. But when we went into the jungles, it was too late,” Karthik’s mahout Murugan said. When a camp elephant strays into forests, it cannot co-exist with wild elephants. “A camp elephant is no match for a wild tusker. The tusker is fiercely territorial and will not allow camp elephants to invade his space,” the forest official said. Karthik was born in the elephant camp about 35 years ago and was a “kumkhi” elephant.

On Monday night, suffering from hormonal surges, he left the camp. Forest guards and mahouts launched a massive hunt in the jungles to locate him.

After a day-long search, they spotted him near a tribal settlement at Saralapatty. However, he refused to respond to the calls of his mahout. So, a female elephant, Sivakami, and another tusker from the Kozhikamudi camp were brought to lure him out of the jungles.

But Karthik stubbornly ignored the overtures of Sivakami and ran deeper into the jungles. On Wednesday evening, the forest personnel decided to bring two more female elephants to draw Karthik back to the camp. “Unfortunately, by this time, Karthik had succumbed in a terrain battle. The tusker which attacked him was also experiencing hormonal surges,” forest guards said.

Two years ago, two elephants in the camp fought a fierce battle and one of them died after suffering severe abdominal injuries. Last week, a tiger and a leopard died in a territorial fight in the Nilgiris forests.

radha.venkatesan@timesgroup.com

World Cup fever

There's been a lot of birding activity on the continent these days.

Up north in Bangladesh, did you see the Coppersmith Barbets take on the Indian Fairy Bluebirds, or were they aggressive and comical Purple Swamp hens?

At home in Chennai, a lack of imagination in plumage creation, meant that a look-alike team of Coppersmith Barbets flew in from Kenya took on the sleek and versatile Darters from New Zealand, and came out second-best.

Down south in Sri Lanka, a group of Blue and Yellow Tanagers were an unusual sighting, and thrashed a flock or Red Finches from Canada.

Last night, it was the turn of the Golden Orioles from Australia to dominate the athletic and bright Red Cardinals all the way from Zimbabwe.

More sightings will be reported soon.

February Rambles

Millingtonia bare

February-March

Birds perch

I stare.

Grand teak in seed

February-March

Leaves all mulch

earthworm feed.

Green replacing orange-gold

February-March

Tiered branch

Almonds in its fold.

Balcony birding

Coppersmith barbet - Megalaima haemacephala

The bare millingtonia

Bobbing head

Tuk, tuk, tuk

all day long.

White-breasted kingfisher - Halcyon smyrnensis

The bare millingtonia

Beak so sharp

Chakee-ake-ake-ake

all day long.